Subordinate influence ethics

Appreciating ethical issues and maintaining business ethics are crucial concepts in driving successful relationships at individual and societal levels. These values are also crucial towards business growth bearing in minds that ethical congruence is a crucial factor in guiding both the short and long term focus in the sustainability of a business venture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subordinate influence ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Tang (2008, p. 249), ethics can be defined as the generally acceptable standards or rules that concerns social or personal welfare and which govern the conducts and operations of a particular society or organization. It is also evident business ethics take different forms and is commonly applied at all levels and stages of its operation and management. Scholars of organizational behavior like Ralston and Pearson (2010, p. 149) concur with ethical theorists and point out that it is crucial for individuals in a society both at micro and macro levels to assimilate behaviors that culminate to improved levels of organizational performance and productivity. As such, an understanding of subordinate influence ethics plays an important role of appreciating both self serving and pro-organizational ethical behaviors. While good organizational ethics behavior influences subordinates to enhance their work performance, I have come to acknowledge that poor business ethics forms one of the most retrogressing factors that negatively affect a society and national economy. Reported numbers of unethical cases have been out of bad influence, practices and undesirable behaviors by management personnel in organizations. The cumulative effect has been cited as one of the worst element to an economy. This has been compounded by spontaneous emergence of opportunistic chances for self- indulgent ethical behaviors and destructive ethics in an organization stetti ng A major question many researchers ask themselves is whether the perpetrators of bad business comprehend their overall impact on the society and economy. It is also definite that personal effectiveness is instrumental towards reinforcing ethical practices. The effectiveness of an individual at workplace depends on the communication system in the working environment as well as the ability to listen and to speak.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to observe that in all the communications that takes place in an environment, many people tend to get and remember half of what they listen, understand and believe. Additionally, personal effectiveness of an individual is greatly affected by ineffective communication that comes from clichà ©, jargon, inappropriate language and too much information. Also, there are instances when individuals communicate messages that a re unclear and sometimes these can be as a result of poorly structured thoughts. This becomes a barrier to effective communication and personal effectiveness. Also, other barriers include a verbal messages that conflicts with a non-verbal messages, distractions from other activities or noise in the environment and misinterpretation of the intent or content of the communication by the receiver. Furthermore, individuals at workplace respond to stimuli that makes them interested, angry, sad or happy. Communication is of significant importance in creating such emotions at a particular time in the lives of the workers. Good communication would mean motivation and effectiveness which is the opposite of bad communication manifested by an arrogant, presumptuous and patronizing way of passing information that would exist between employers’ and employees. Pro-organizational, self- centered and destructive ethics Perry, Kulik and Zhou (1999, p. 341) argue that subordinate influence by a n organization may lead to organizational beneficial behaviors among workers. Many organizations set sanctioned and prescribed standards for employees which play a crucial role of influencing their behaviors. Indeed, subordinate influence as Perry, Kulik and Zhou claims is critical for enhancing work performance in organizations. Employees under such influences will ensure that they have good working relationships with others, will behave in an appropriate manner and will put effort to accomplish tasks.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Subordinate influence ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using life stage hypothesis, understanding the dynamic nature of human personality has become a complex issue in the contemporary society owing to numerous factors such as nature, genetic makeup and the social environment that control and influence individual’s behavior. Sociologists like Galperin, Bennett and Aqu ino (2011, p. 407) argue that human behavior, besides being influenced by the environment, is also controlled by certain aspects such as culture and common life events. In agreement with Marangos and Astroulakis (2009, p. 385) whose arguments on development of ethics concur with Ralstons and Pearson (2010, p. 160) argument , I would like to point out that understanding the complex nature of human behavior requires appreciating certain concepts such as human development, cultural competency, corporate culture and human diversity. It is agreeable from the analysis in the article by Ralston that human behavior in terms of both life stage theory and convergence theory denotes that gaining knowledge on human development and their experiences throughout their life period is important towards understanding the role of influenced ethics behavior. Park, Rehg and Lee (2005, p. 387) point out that behaviors related to subordinate influence manifests themselves strongly in certain stages in lif e. In agreement, it is evident that the young and middle adulthood stages in life are some of the most challenging periods in life as individuals in these stages grow and experience massive life developments. I would like to point out that at these stages, especially at the beginning of early adulthood, individuals become more focused and ambitious with exceeding hope rising in the corporate ladder. To concur with Grojean et al (2004, p. 223), individuals in this stage due to their ambitions become more self interested and individualistic than other individuals in the middle adulthood and later stages. This could be due to the fact that individuals in this group are offered with an opportunity to typically move to an ‘elevated economic and social status, begin a career, get employed, marry and raise a family or contribute to the development of society. These factors among others according to life stage theory cause individuals in the early adulthood stages to engage in destruc tive and self indulging behaviors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, middle adulthood period as described by Valentine et al (2011, p. 354) is a time when an individual is at his or her prime of life. A person at this age is both psychologically and physically capable, has vast experience and wisdom in variety of areas in life, and may have a stable career in place. It is a fact that at this stage many individuals tend to become universalistic, collectivistic and more nurturing. As such, it is notable that even without organizational influence, their level of development allows them to involve in ethical behaviors. In organizations, the ethical behavior exhibited by these groups becomes organizationally beneficial as they assist in the realization of organizational goals. The model of cross convergence I would like to point from the perspective of the social divergence theory that the sole determinant of the various values an individual possesses at a personal level is the social cultural influence. Societal cultures as Klinefelter (2010, p. 937) mentions differs and can either be collectivist or individualistic. These cultures are crucial and potential in influencing a business’ ideology. Many different societies in the world today have diverse cultures (Essers, Bohm and Contu 2009, p. 130). In international business, culture plays a very important role especially decision making processes. Research points out that effective understanding of other people’s nationalistic cultures when conducting business in other countries is important for effective interaction. When properly applied, concerns, anxiety and frustrations that come with cultural differences are minimized. Using the model of cross divergence, it is clear from the perspective drawn for the articles that different cultures of diverse nations like the US, China, Brazil and Germany are based on different independent dimensions that include short term or long term orientation and individualism or collectivism (Tang 2008, p. 249). The arg ument points out that these aid businesses in predicting how societies or nations that host them culturally operate. It is imperative to note that the culture of a given society is the sum of its assumptions, beliefs and values. The man-made part of the culture of a society is influenced by the perceptions individuals have of their social environment. As such, a prescribed behavior of a particular society is shaped by those shared perceptions (Fritzsche and Oz 2007, p. 335). An individual may not be able to directly observe culture, but can easily infer it from verbal exchanges and daily societal activities. References Essers, J., Bohm, S. Contu, A. 2009, â€Å"Corporate Robespierres, ideologies of management and change†, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 129-140. Fritzsche, D. Oz, E. 2007, â€Å"Personal values influence on the ethical dimension of decision making†, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 335-335. Galperin, B.L ., Bennett, R.J. Aquino, K. 2011, â€Å"Status differentiation and the protean self: a social-cognitive model of unethical behavior in organizations†, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 407-424. Grojean, M.W., Resick, C.J., Dickson, M.W. Smith, D.B. 2004, â€Å"Leaders, values, and organizational climate: examining leadership strategies for establishing an organizational climate regarding ethics†, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 223-241. Klinefelter, G. 2010, â€Å"Leadership and change management†, Choice, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 937-938. Marangos, J. Astroulakis, N. 2009, â€Å"The Institutional Foundation of Development Ethics†, Journal of Economic Issues, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 381-388. Park, H., Rehg, M.T. Lee, D. 2005, â€Å"The influence of Confucian ethics and collectivism on whistle blowing intentions: a study of South Korean public employees†, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 387-403. Perry, E.L., Kulik, C.T. Zhou, J. 1999, â€Å"A closer look at the effects of subordinate-supervisor age differences†, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 341-357. Ralston, D.A. Pearson, A. 2010, â€Å"The cross-cultural evolution of the subordinate influence ethics measure†, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 149-168. Tang, L. 2008, â€Å"An integral model of collective action in organizations and beyond†, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 249-261. Valentine, S., Godkin, L., Fleischman, G.M. Kidwell, R. 2011, â€Å"Corporate ethical values, group creativity, job satisfaction and turnover intention: the impact of work context on work response†, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 353-372. This essay on Subordinate influence ethics was written and submitted by user Kyla Burt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Business Markets of The World Today †Economics Essay

Business Markets of The World Today – Economics Essay Free Online Research Papers Business Markets of The World Today Economics Essay Businesses and consumers are what determine most aspects of the markets in our world today. The supply and demand in different types of markets are what set prices. What people want is what the businesses will supply. This supply and demand has different effects on each type of market. Supply is how much the businesses will bring to a market to sell at different prices. This amount has a direct relationship with how much of that product is demanded by the consumers. The demand is defined as the desire, ability and willingness of consumers to buy a product. A business will only supply things that are demanded by consumers. This is the only way a business can sell products and survive. â€Å"When peoples goals change, the amount of benefit they get from the good changes, and this will cause them to change the amount of the good they want to buy.†(Schnek, Robert) The law of demand states that, if prices are raised, then quantity demanded will decrease. Some reasons the demand will change are, consumer income, consumer taste, price of substitutes, and compliments. For example, if consumers’ income goes up, the demand will go up as well because they are able to afford more. When businesses supply goods, they take the demand and reasons for its changes in account. The law of supply states that when price goes up, quantity supplied increases as well. Supply of a product can change for a number of reasons; cost of inputs, productivity, technology, the number of sellers, taxes, subsidies, expectations, and government regulations. Businesses need to know both demand and supply so they can find the market equilibrium. This is where quantity supplied and quantity demanded is equal. In a perfect market this would be the price of the product. If the price is below market equilibrium, then there is a shortage of that product. If price is set above market equilibrium, then there is a surplus. Market structure is the type of competition between different firms in the same type of industry. There are four different types of market structures found in the United States, pure competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. In pure competition, it is assumed that the business and consumer are both well informed, and that they are buying and selling the exact same product. There must be a large number of buyers and sellers, each buyer and seller must act independently, and anyone can enter the market or leave at anytime, in pure competition. A good example would be farming where everyone basically charges the same price for a banana. In this type of competition, market equilibrium will set the price of all products, and all firms involved set approximately the same price. The next market structure is monopolistic competition. This is what mainly composes the American economic system. Monopolistic competition has all of the same requirements of pure competition, except for having the same products. This allows a business to vary a product to draw the consumers to their product rather than another’s product. The business will achieve this by advertising campaigns. For example, a shoe company might make their shoes more colorful and â€Å"in style† to attract attention to their product to differentiate their product from the competition’s. Still, however, in this market, businesses will charge a price that is close to market equilibrium, or else they won’t sell their products. They have more control over price than that in pure competition. Third is an oligopoly in which very few large businesses dominate an industry. Coke and Pepsi are good examples of oligopolies because those are the major soft drink companies. In most oligopolies, when one of the companies does something new, or lowers prices, the other few companies will follow. Oligopolies have an immense amount of control over prices. They can either set them really high or low. Most of the time, the businesses will try to lower their prices as to stay competitive in their industry. The prices of an oligopoly, however, are usually higher than that of monopolistic competition. Since there is this competition, advertising is a huge part of an oligopoly. The last type of market is a monopoly, in which one business dominates an industry, and there are no close substitutes. There are four types of monopolies. The first is a natural monopoly where the society is better with only one because it makes costs less. An example is an electric company; it just wouldn’t make sense to have two companies in one area. The second is a geographic monopoly, in which a business is a monopoly simply based on its location. It may be the only on in the area or for miles around, and the area may be too small to support two buisness of the same type. The next is a technological monopoly, where a business will come out with some type of new software, and no other firm has it, making the business with the technology a monopoly. The last monopoly is a government, where the business is owned by government, and is operated by them as well. In all monopolies, all the products are the same because only one firm makes them, and there is no need for a dvertising because there are no rivals. This makes monopolies able to charge what ever they want to for their product. In the American system, the market that is most common is monopolistic competition. An example that shows this would be deodorant companies. One can buy almost any scent desired. There are some that aren’t tested on animals, or are organic, and then there are some that are for heavy sweaters, and athletes. In many magazines, there are ads for different brands of deodorants that do different things, â€Å"Secret† is a good example of a company that uses advertising. For a deodorant company to sell its products it has to keep its price relatively close to market equilibrium, or else people would use its many substitutes. Business and consumers have a very important impact on supply and demand and prices in the different types of markets. Depending on the market, a business will advertise and set price to get consumers to purchase their products. All of these aspects put together make up the American system. Research Papers on Business Markets of The World Today - Economics EssayAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGenetic EngineeringIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Economic Consequences of Credit Market Failure in Uganda Assignment

Economic Consequences of Credit Market Failure in Uganda - Assignment Example Its influence is becoming increasingly pervasive through a constant series of federal court decisions as well as steady enlargement in the size and scope of administering agencies. "The failure of formal credit institutions to serve the poor is due to a combination of high risks, high costs and consequently low returns associated with such business." (Orkut et al. 2004:5) Despite the pressure from the International agencies and Governments of the developed nations it will neither fruitful for the economy of the developing countries nor for the consumers of these countries to implement terms and conditions of lending and borrowing as applied in the developed countries. Factors contributing to this argument are many and varied, which include: Difference in economic conditions. Difference in technology and skills. Dependence economies of both the countries on Labour intensive industries. Loss of competitive advantage in international trade. The economy of Uganda is considered as one of the fastest growing economy in the African countries. The growth in the Gross domestic Product of Uganda has reached to 6.9%per year from 2.9% in the era of 1980s according to World Bank. (World Bank 2004:183) As a consequence of this growth,Appleton (2001:4)has estimated,based on household surveys,that the poverty headcount (defined relative to a poverty line close to the widely used dollar a day)has declined substantially:From 56%in 1992 to 34%in 1999/2000 - mainly because mean consumption per adult equivalent rose by 4.7%%per annum over this period (its distribution worsened slightly).Wider measures of poverty (the poverty gap ratio P1 and the poverty severity ratio P2)declined even more tha n the poverty headcount ratio (P0),thus indicating that the...This responsibility is being increasingly codified in law and various governmental orders. Its influence is becoming increasingly pervasive through a constant series of federal court decisions as well as steady enlargement in the size and scope of administering agencies. Despite the pressure from the International agencies and Governments of the developed nations it will neither fruitful for the economy of the developing countries nor for the consumers of these countries to implement terms and conditions of lending and borrowing as applied in the developed countries. The economy of Uganda is considered as one of the fastest growing economy in the African countries. The growth in the Gross domestic Product of Uganda has reached to 6.9%per year from 2.9% in the era of 1980s according to World Bank. (World Bank 2004:183) a. Competitive advantage: For the labour intensive economies like Uganda the competitive advantage heavily relies on the low cost of labour. In the countries like Uganda where most of the population of the country is leading their life below the poverty line it sometimes become inevitable for the consumers to make their child work so that they can get the basic necessities of life i.e. food, shelter and clothing.

Cross Cultural Awareness for the International Manager Essay - 1

Cross Cultural Awareness for the International Manager - Essay Example This report assesses the operations of Muffin King Ltd, an international chain of bakery outlets that is fast expanding in the global market. The key objective of the report is to propose business strategies based on a high level of awareness and close insight of cross cultural differences among different international markets, which will yield the business a competitive advantage. Achieving business competitiveness in today’s highly competitive globalised scenario is no longer possible through traditional success factors such as low production costs, high productivity and shorter lead-times, which have now become prerequisites to stay in business. Neither can global players in the market offer standardised product offers or implement standardised work processes and human resource management (HRM) practices across different nations in which they operate. Companies today have realised that to succeed in the global market place, a high level of awareness and a deep insight is required of the cross- cultural differences existing across the world (Broek 2005). These cross-cultural dimensions are a source of competitive advantage if understood and exploited to the company’s advantage. As global multinationals such as Ecare the Swedish furniture marketer, the MTV Broadcasting Company or MacDonald have realised, companies need to change and adopt their products and business practices to suit different cultural dimensions in order to stay competitive (Hill 2003). This report aims at evaluating the business operations of â€Å"Muffin King Ltd.† a UK based international chain of bakery outlets, and make recommendations which will exploit the sources of competitive advantages in the sphere of cross -cultural differences. â€Å"Muffin King Ltd.† is a UK based retail chain of bakery outlets, which has recently expanded to the

Journal #3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Journal #3 - Essay Example The key objective of the Fraternity is Brotherhood and Sisterhood, a value that has been continually achieved all through the year, with Fraternity members living together and tackling most of their problems be it academic or even personal issues. Another value that Indiana University Fraternity has continually emphasized over the years is leadership development. This has been achieved through self-governance, where the Greek System provides a platform for students to govern themselves. These structures offer the members of the fraternities with a platform for leadership, assisting them to become better leaders in the future. In addition to this value, another key value that the IU Greek system has always emphasized is the Civic Engagement. This has been also achieved through a variety of ways ranging from the Little 500 event, IU Sing and Intramurals. The Indiana University Fraternity and Sorority values have been followed adequately within the university and the Indiana University has achieved a majority if not all its values. The platforms provided by the university improve the Greek system, from the usual setting where it is purely used to create teamwork for extra curriculum activities, to a point where it improves the academic and career lives of all its

The Significance Of The Suez Crisis

The Significance Of The Suez Crisis The sources I have selected for my coursework concentrate on the impact that the Suez crisis had on the British Empire and its significance in contributing to its downfall. Here there is some dispute as some see the crisis as a minor event that was insignificant or limited whilst others would argue that it was the main reason that the British government lost its position as world leader. However they largely agree that the Suez crisis showed the flaws in British attitudes as a colonial power. In Egypt, France and Britain were the major shareholders in the company that ran the canal and British troops occupied its banks. When Gamal Abdul Nasser came to power in 1954, his main objective was to remove the British from Egypt. This was due to the American and British decision not to finance the construction of the Aswam dam. He took matters into his own hands and took control of the Suez Canal by nationalizing it. The events that occurred after this were extremely quick, Britain and France were hasty to show their discontent in the matter and choose to try to attack Nasser in the hope of getting him replaced and taking control of the Suez once again. The financial importance of the canal was too great for France and Britain to let it be controlled by Egypt alone. So when they attacked Egypt it came as a shock when the United States condemned their actions and made it very clear that they would not support the war against Egypt. The significance of the Suez crisis was that at this point America was asserting its power and influence on Britain for the very first time in history, the balance of power had changed and the United States was now in charge. This would be portrayed years later In Britain as the Suez crisis would be thought of as the symbol, which marked the end of imperial rule. The Suez crisis sent a signal to nationalists in the British Empire that the hour of freedom had arrived but the Americans and not the nationalist chose the hour. The secondary work of  [1]  Niall Ferguson in British Empire supports this as he sates that United States were responsible for dismantling the British Empire due to their reaction to the Suez crisis and causing the uprising and rebellion of the educated class in Africa, which would have a vast influence on British and American politics. As a year after the Suez crisis Ghana got her independence from Britain this could be seen as a direct result of the crisis as it weakened British prestige. It must be distinguished, however , that Ghanaian independence began as early as 1951 when the British had allowed elections for a prime minister , which puts into doubt the importance of the Sue z crisis on growing nationalism however it can not be disregarded that it was a catalyst for the majority of African leaders at the time. Niall Ferguson also suggests that this was significant short-term effect as it was the turning point as America was now in power. As well exposing the empires flaws to the nationalists who were eager to be free from British rule. Furthermore A letter from Eisenhower to Eden dated the 8th of September 1956 illustrates USA asserting its power on Britain. Eisenhower states that;  [2]  The use of military force against Egypt under present circumstances might have consequences even more serious than causing the Arabs to support Nasser it might cause serious misunderstanding between their two countries because frankly there is as yet no public opinion in this country which is prepared to support such a move and the most significant public opinion that there is seems to think that the united nation was formed to prevent the very thing. Eisenhower was trying to imply that any war against Egypt would result in the USSR swooping in and offering alliance to Nasser, which would have a direct impact on the influence of the Russians in the Middle East and this, would consequently harm American interests. Eisenhower knew that the Russians who had developed the port of Alexandria on the coast and also funded the Egyptian economy. He understood that the only reason they did this was to raise the stakes in the cold war, as Russias aim was to expand her influence in the Middle East. So a newfound relationship in North Africa would result in a bigger Russian threat, which America could not take the risk with. Brian Lapping also points out that the main objectives that Egypt and Russia shared was the defeat of colonialism. However this can be interpreted differently as it can seem that the real objective they shared was seeing the downfall of the British rule and prestige rather then just colonialism. Eden and Eisenhower did not share the same opinion about Nasser as he also wrote to Eisenhower regarding the crisis he stated that he was concerned that the seizure of the Suez Canal he saw it as the opening gambit in a planned campaign designed by Nasser to expel all western influence and interests from Arab countries. You may feel even if we are right it would be better to wait until Nasser unmistakable reveled his intensions. But this is the argument which prevailed in 1936 and which we both rejected in 1948 The letter shows the difference in American and British thought regarding the Suez crisis. Eden seems to want to get back British colonial power once again and also he does not want to lose more influence and territory in the area. His belief that Nasser should be controlled was his own attempt of regaining control and power. Eden had old fashion views that Middle Eastern politics should always favor Britain and it was due to these believes that France and Britain went to war against Nasser It shows that Britain along with France could no longer act alone in the world stage something that startled Eden. This change was due to the short term significance o 3Macmillan would learn not to repeat Eden mistakes as he made his main objective to restore the morale and reliability of the conservative party something that Eden had lost. In addition Macmillan did not posse the old fashion views on empire that Eden did, this helped him progress in his political career. The short-term significance of the Suez crisis would have profound effects that would remain in British politicians conscious as they now knew they were seen as a nation to be inferior. American secretary of defense Clark Clifford highlights this as he made this statement The British do not have the resources, the back up a hardware to deal with any big world problemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they are no longer a powerful ally of ours because they can not afford the cost of an adequate defense effort Clark Clifford supports this idea as he down plays Britains power and dismisses her from resolving any world issues. This shows the extent in which the Suez crisis had on Britains image and influence. Also Dean Rusk the United States Secretary of State pointed out this was the end of an era for the Britain and her rule over her colonies 4President Nixon was quoted saying, For the first time in history we have shown independence of Anglo-French policies towards Asia and Africa which seems to us to reflect the colonial tradition. That declaration of independence has had an electrifying effect throughout the world This shows that the president Nixon was proud and pleased with is countries choice. He portrays America as being a savior In my judgment the Suez crisis remains the turning point in British politics and power. The crisis meant that America was able to assert authority on Britain for the very first time and public view on the empire changed dramatically as it was no longer seen as a prestigious and influential. The crisis had an impact not only on Britain as country but on key individuals that were involved. The Suez crisis had a dramatic effect on Edens career as in 1957 he resigned as Prime Minister after being publicly criticized at home, in later years he would be remembered not for the great things he did before 1956 but for his failure during the Suez crisis. Furthermore Suez crisis changed Nasser from a little known colonel into a great leader who was fighting to help end colonialism. The crisis helped his prestige and hold over his people. The historian Brian Lapping states that the due to the Suez crisis Cairo became the home of many refugee leaders of African anti colonial movements this showed directly that Nasser was defining the British in a insulting and direct way by welcomin g the African nationalists into his country and giving them benefits and luxuries that helped them in their fight for freedom, such as free air tickets to travel anywhere. The Suez crisis would change British politics as new Prime Minster Harold Macmillan decided that in any future events that his party would side with America. He did this because he knew it was the only way he could be popular and not repeat the mistakes of Eden. He also made the effort to get to know very well John Kennedy. Britain Since then has been very hesitant to resist any US policy. This is a direct result of the Suez crisis and the balance of power no longer being in the favor of Britain Conversely some historians have the view that the Suez crisis had made problems such as the political and economical issues that was present before 1956 more perceptible and for this reason the Suez crisis was not a turning point but rather just reveled with staggering clarity the pressures facing the British empire at the time plus if it was not the Suez crisis it would have being another event that would have brought the end of the empire as cracks were beginning to develop. Overall I believe that the Suez crisis did have a massive impact on the British Empire as it changed peoples perceptive of imperialism and made way for the nationalist movement, which would result in the collapse of the empire. Consequently the events of 1956 would be known as the catalyst, which sparked the end of British power and brought the end of the most prestigious empire in history. Gorst and Johnman, as well as Woodward, that Suez somewhat reflected the already-weakening position of the empires, rather than helped engender its demise. (1829 words )

Diabetes Mellitus Essay -- essays research papers

Diabetes Mellitus Is a multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both. Diabetes Mellitus is a serious health problem throughout the world. It is the 5th leading cause of death in the U.S. It is the leading cause of heart disease, stroke, adult blindness, and nontraumatic lower limb amputations. Etiology and Pathophysiology Current theories link the cause of diabetes, singly or in combination, to genetic, autoimmune, viral, and environmental factors (obesity, stress). Regardless of its cause, diabetes is primarily a disorder of glucose metabolism related to absent or insufficient insulin supplies and/or poor utilization of the insulin that is available. The two most common types of diabetes are classified as type I or type II diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes and secondary diabetes are other classifications of diabetes commonly seen in clinical practice Normal Insulin Metabolism Insulin is a hormone produced by the B cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. Under normal conditions, insulin is continuously released into the bloodstream in small pulsatile increments (a basal rate), with increased release (bolus) when food is ingested. The activity of released insulin lowers blood glucose and facilitates a stable, normal glucose range of approximately 70 to 120 mg/dl. The average amount of insulin secreted daily by and adult is approx. 40 to 50 U, or 0.6 U/kg of body weight. Other hormones (glucagons, epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol) work to oppose the effects of insulin and are often referred to as counterregulatory hormones. These hormones work to increase blood glucose levels by stimulating glucose production and output by the liver and by decreasing the movement of glucose into the cells. Insulin and the these counterregulatory hormones provide a sustained but regulated release of glucose for energy during food intake and periods of fasting and usually maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range. An abnormal production of any or all of these hormones may be present in diabetes. Insulin is released from the pancreatic B cells as its precursor, proinsulin, and is then routed through the liver. Proinsulin is composed of two polypeptide chains, chain A and chain B, which are linked by the C-peptide chain. The presence of C peptide in serum and urine is a useful indic... ...d at bedtime). Pancreas Transplantation Is used as a tx option for patients with type I diabetes mellitus who have end-stage renal disease and who have had or plan to have a kidney transplant. Kidney and pancreas transplants are often done together. If renal failure is not present, the ADA recommends that pancreas transplantation should only be considered for patients who exhibit the following three criteria: *A history of frequent, acute, and severe metabolic complications (hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis) requiring medical attention *Clinical and emotional problems with exogenous insulin therapy that are so severe as to be incapacitating *Consistent failure of insulin-based management to prevent acute complications Successful pancreas transplantation can improve the quality of life of people with diabetes, primarily by eliminating the need for exogenous insulin, frequent daily blood glucose measurements and many of the dietary restrictions imposed by the disorder. Pts who undergo pancreas transplantation require immunosuppression to prevent rejection of the graft and potential recurrence of the autoimmune process that might again destroy pancreatic islet cells.

Innovation Planning and Design

The ever-changing marketplace in the business world imposes greatchallenges for the company to maintain stability, productivity andprofitability in the industry. In order to keep track on the competitiveenvironment, every company should develop innovation to acquirecompetitive advantage. However, acquiring just a competitive advantage willonly be for the meantime due to the fast development of technology, totalmodernization of the market and rapid changes of customer preferences. Innovators shall foresee these factors to combat with its competitors for it tobe successful, making innovation an essential factor for company growth. Innovations do vary in many aspects. It may take the risk of combiningdifferent types of innovation. Determining businesses whether they are mayresult to hiding their significant distinctions. The most importantcategorizations one may consider among the many developed are aclassification according to innovation type, the innovation degree and courseof sustainability (Zakic, Jovanovic, & Stamatovic, 2008). Companies may decide which part of the businessdesign needsinnovatingsuch as products or processes or a combination of both. Single approach can be simple, less time consuming process compared to combinedapproach which is more involved, complicated and may be time consuming and requires substantial effort for it to be effective. Whatever process that is chosen, it will always create specialization which is advantageous to have specialized kind of innovation. Moderncompanies carefully apply options advised by experts that are suitable forits position and business model. Innovations shall be thoroughlyinvestigated and studied in order to achieve and meet the company’sobjective. Creating and developing their potentiality, designating theresources, and creating partnerships in accordance with this choice are vitalto success (Zakic, Jovanovic, & Stamatovic, 2008). In varying options comes difference between processes and productsinnovation. To be able to establish successful innovative strategies andstrategic planning, understanding the differences and influence of differentfactor and its effect in business leadership structure is important. It is of utmost importance to explore all possible options to acquire different inputs. This process will ensure the verification of certain conclusion to helpleadership identify the appropriate method to innovation (Almirall &Casadesus-Masanell, 2010). Innovation Systems Design Recent market concept on the business world has produced anuntamed environment. The company’s advantages do not last too long dueto tight competitions that never cease to advance and overcome the market. With these tight competitions, most businesses have created a sheer pricewar just to maintain and gain customers (Herrmann & Gunter, 2004). It is therefore vital in the process for the companies to be aware of theefficient methods to design and use innovative efforts considering thesecurrent market situations. Remember that each product you serve in themarket, it goes with it your name. How customers perceive the product orservices is significant. Most customers often choose the products or servicesthat are appealing to their eyes. It also includes factors like product package,how the product is designed, and even POS system design. What messagesor ideas the product conveys to the customers are also factors. Image of thebrand and market share are determined by these factors. Discerning yourinnovative products and market perception to them is one important groundin determining business' success (Herrmann & Gunter, 2004). With the tight competition in the business industry, each companyattempts to beat its competitors. Businesses are set forinnovation, however, they often lack focus on innovating their marketing designtechniques. This lack of focus is the reason for short time competitiveadvantage. Recent research reveals that a number of small to medium sizedcompanies in the electronics industry have received governmentgrants in order to promote growth in innovative techniques and processes. Some of these were successful. However this implies that most innovativeprocesses manage to be only temporary solution as most small businessesare unable to continue long term innovative processes (Herrmann & Gunter, 2004). Innovative processes have to be executed and followed accordingly. Those innovation grants were able to magnify thebusiness with growth to those companies involved. However, it did not result with an increase in profits and productivity. Foreseeing these circumstances,innovation systems show that the entire company should be nvolved in theprocess and utilizing your assets to fully maximize your potential in makinginnovative products and management styles (Herrmann & Gunter, 2004). Steps to Innovative Process There certain steps needed during the innovative process when creating and implementing an innovation to any business. 1. Determine the Challenge: The start of innovation process isdetermining the challenge, problem, or goal that needs to be solved. 2. Teamwor k: This step utilizes your intellectual assets wherein all partiesparticipate in a brainstorming event to discuss and debate how to fix theinnovation challenge. Combination: All of these ideas discussed in the brainstorming eventare summarized. 4. Assessment: The summary of all the ideas are evaluated and the bestsolution will be chosen by the business leaders with the relevant businessexperience. 5. Research and Development: The chosen solutions undergoes researchand development to determine whether the processes are attainable and willyield a result favorable to the company like increase in profits, businessexpansion and market share. 6. Implementation: Executing the ideas into the team and bring them toreality. . Review: Consider the data generated from the feedback, leadership,and business results regarding how the process was working. 8. Recycle: New challenges are imposed by the review. Consider thesechallenges and start again with the process (now Europe, 2009). For the business to maintain on top, the company shall be in acontinuous process of innovating to maintain creative, business and leadership innovation. This is so recommended considering how the global economic marketplace dances to the tune of tightcompetition. The innovation must be part of the business’s system toprevent unstable progress and share losses. To counter the ever-changingmarketplace and customer demand, innovation must remainconstant (Barsh, Capozzi, & Davidson, 2008). Conclusion The concept of innovation hasbeen in the business system for centuries. However, today, it has become aprerequisite to business growth and prosperity. While in the past, a companydared to innovate just to make an edge to the industry, nowadays, it becamean essential factor in business design for the company to survive and profit. The company shall implement, maintain innovation, and make anenvironment that encourages innovation. The company's workforce is avaluable asset to allowing their process to happen and the use of theseassets is beneficial to the process in various ways. This approach is sosignificant that even those business that have been in the around fordecades and reshaping theirfundamental principles and business values to create an innovativeenvironment. If a company desires to survive today's market competition, it has to produce an innovation culture and use its assets to be competitive and maintain profitability.

The Great Gatsby6 essays

The Great Gatsby6 essays The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is set in the 1920s during the Jazz Age. Nick Carraway is a man in his late twenties residing on West Egg island in Long Island, New York living a normal life. That is, until he meets his mysterious neighbor, a wealthy man named Jay Gatsby. He is a man of mystery, living in a mansion that is constantly full of people, music, and fun. Nicks normal life gets thrown topsy-turvy when he gets involved in the life of this extraordinary millionaire. Marred by jealousy, cheating, and lying, Nick begins to feel the essence of living a glamorous life in the 20s. He showed this when he said, Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known. All along, I felt sorry for Nick being dragged into more and more tragedy, but I especially felt bad for him during one instance. His friend Daisy was married to Tom, but Tom was having an affair with Mrs. Wilson and Daisy had a thing for Gatsby. Daisy and Gatsby were driving home from town after an argument amongst the group of friends when they passed the Wilsons gas station. Mrs. Wilson ran out to Gatsbys car, because they were driving Toms car, and was hit. Mr. Wilson went positively crazy, and Nick felt torn by his mixed feelings towards his supposed friend Gatsby. I disliked him so much by this time that I didnt find it necessary to tell him he was wrong. Gatsbys insensitivity brought on by his lifestyle made Nick despise him. This is the part where I think Nick really started opening his This book really displays how the life of an important person is, especially in that time period. At first, Nick is awed and drawn in by the ...

Kingsford Charcoal Objective Parth Essays

Kingsford Charcoal Objective Parth Essays Kingsford Charcoal Objective Parth Paper Kingsford Charcoal Objective Parth Paper Kingdoms charcoal is a well-known brand in barbecuing community. As per survey in late asss 75% American Households owned barbecue grills and young and high-income families owned the most share apron. 80%. For a long time now Americans have shown love and passion for barbecue. Kingdoms Charcoal in America was considered in an oligopolies market. The criteria for differentiating the products in such a market is based on the quality, price, and promotion. Though, Kingdoms retained the position of arrest leader in year 2000, but the sales were dropping because of the problems such as increasing trend of gas grill use, less exposure and promotion of charcoal and decrease in market share and market growth rate of Kingdoms Charcoal. Competition from Royal Oak also had an impact on the sales. To overcome the current market situation brand managers Marcella Smith Bobble (HOBS MBA 96) and Allison Warren were asked to refurbish the brand image of Kingdoms, and formulate a marketing plan keeping the focus n future by not only improving the sales, but also improving the turnover of the overall charcoal industry. Objective of the marketing plan for Kingdoms Charcoal should cater the two aspects I. E. Financial Objectives, to improve profitability and growth and Marketing Objectives, to improve market share and sales. And it should provide answers to some of the major issues such as:- Is there a need to increase the budget for advertisements to compete with gas grills and private brands? How will the increase in prices affect the market share? Segmentation In 2000, a case study has proved that 66% of the barbecue lovers have a preference of charcoal over gas grills as they believe that the real experience and flavor reaches them when they use charcoal grill. The table below elaborates the percentage of the consumers using the two different kinds of Kingdoms Products. It is quite evident that 60% of the Kingdoms Charcoal users are happy to use both types of Kingdoms charcoal I. E. Regular as well as Instant. And this gives the company a great opportunity to experiment with different marketing techniques.

Computer Center Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Computer Center - Case Study Example Figure 2 shows the configuration of Input 1. The other two inputs are configured similarly with only difference of arrival times. Figure 2: Settings of Inputs The job readers have normal distribution, all the three having the mean of 3 seconds and standard deviation of one second. The configuration screen is shown in figure 3. Figure 3: configuration of job readers. The Print Spooler (CPU) is configured with exponential distribution with mean of two seconds as shown in figure 4. Figure 4: Print Spooler configuration The Line printers are again configured with normal distribution having mean of 7 seconds and standard deviations 2.1 seconds as shown in figure 5. Figure 5: Line Printer Configuration Finally, the configuration of the simulation is presented in figure 6. All the statistics have been selected except costing. Figure 6: Simulation configurations Output of Simulation There is one precaution in the simulation. The maximum arrivals in all the three cases were set at 5000. Hence, by design the arrivals in input 2 would stop coming at 5000 whereas the other two will continue till their individual arrivals reach 5000 each (first Input 3 and then Input 1). If the simulations are allowed to continue even if arrival of entities in Input has reached 5000, the system will be left with only two active inputs (and later on only one active input when arrival of entities in Input 3 reaches 5000 as well). This could have resulted in wrong calculations of the system. Hence, the author stopped the simulation as soon as Input 2 reached 5000 entities. Following are the results of the simulation: (A) Number of entities entered the system: Figure 7: No. of entities entered... The inputs are configured as exponential with arrivals every 70 seconds for Input 1, every 15 seconds for Input 2 and every 35 seconds for Input 3. Figure 2 shows the configuration of Input 1. The other two inputs are configured similarly with only difference of arrival times. There is one precaution in the simulation. The maximum arrivals in all the three cases were set at 5000. Hence, by design the arrivals in input 2 would stop coming at 5000 whereas the other two will continue till their individual arrivals reach 5000 each (first Input 3 and then Input 1). If the simulations are allowed to continue even if arrival of entities in Input has reached 5000, the system will be left with only two active inputs (and later on only one active input when arrival of entities in Input 3 reaches 5000 as well). This could have resulted in wrong calculations of the system. Hence, the author stopped the simulation as soon as Input 2 reached 5000 entities. There was no waiting time per entity because no queues were formed anywhere in the system: This appears obvious because the arrival intervals of entities are much higher than overall throughput of the system. (C) Average throughput time per entity: The average throughput time per entity (value addition time + transfer time) is presented in figure 9.

Is Talkback Radio Important for Democracy in Australia Essay

Is Talkback Radio Important for Democracy in Australia - Essay Example Talkback radio, in its present function is not working as it should be to facilitate democratic practice in Australia. Commonly known as talk radio, talkback radio is a type of radio format giving Australian listeners a venue to discuss political and other current issues (en.wikipedia.org). 1 Democracy is government of the people, for the people and by the people. Given the context of both, it is not unexpected to assume that the prior supports the latter. Talkback radio ideally is democracy in action.Talkback radio's history in Australia dates back to the mid 1920's but was not made legal until the late 1960's. It was not officially permitted as, in radio; there is a difficulty to screen libelous and offensive calls. Following the lifting of previously strict regulations and the development of a tape delay system, talkback radio started being visible once again in 1967. It, however, grew bigger in the 1992 when the Broadcasting Act brought commercial radio deregulation and instead o f its news and current affairs programs being hosted by "journalists", these were handled by "entertainers." 2Why these radio personalities who were considered stars in their own right were classified as entertainers is clearly explained in Adam's and Burton's TALKBACK: Emperor's of Air. Adam's and Burton explained that the infamous talkback radio hosts are, in fact, only presenters. By this, it means that "their involvement is [that] few moments of autocue reading (11)." In this type of arrangement, there are reporters and producers who gather, interpret and develop the data. The final product shall then be broadcasted by the talkback radio host, the figurehead of the show (Adams and Burton 11). The implication of this is that figureheads wield power. While it is plausible that some, although not all, radio show hosts have a limited knowledge of a topical issue, their stand and their opinions greatly influence that of the general public. Two of the most popular radio stations broadcasting talkback radio in Australia, credited mostly to its right-wing hosts, are 2UE and 2GB. The previous began its broadcasting stint 26 January 1925 and was originally called 2EU. The station offers current affairs program in the mornings with and in the afternoons and evenings a more relaxed programming. 2GB that started its operation in 1926 runs on a similar format as that of 2UE. While both are widely accepted, 2GB is considered the more influential of the two. 3 It will be incomplete to mention the two rival stations without considering the major role of their popular programs' figureheads in the growing popularity of both talkback radio stations - John Laws and Alan Jones. Radio Manager of 2UE even, confidently, stated that Laws and Jones "were the two most powerful men in the country, after the Prime Minister (qtd. fr TALKBACK: Emperors of the Air)." 3 For more information please refer to and . John Laws who has worked for various radio stations and even had a short stint at television before settling at 2UE. 4 Laws' return to 2UE propelled the station's rise to the number one spot. Laws' programs are syndicated in Australia and are very much popular in the rural areas. His programs tackle newsworthy issues; even then, he is not a journalist per se, merely a presenter. Notwithstanding Laws' seeming lack of in-depth knowledge of the issues he is tackling, given that he only echoed to the public what was gathered by station reporters, his appeal was nothing short of astounding. His authority influenced much of the listeners' opinions and actions. The same is true for Alan Jones' control over the affairs of the masses and even the political units. According to